Kidney transplantation (KT) is the outcome of great advancement in medical science.Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Successful kidney transplantation may offer better quality of life and longer patient survival compared with dialysis. Life after successful kidney transplantation is almost normal.
Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a healthy kidney (from a living donor or deceased - cadaver donor) is placed into the body of a person suffering from end-stage kidney disease (recipient).
Kidney transplantation is necessary for patients who are suffering from ESKD who are on dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) or who are approaching ESKD but not yet on dialysis (pre-emptive KT).
A patient with acute kidney injury should not undergo KT. Kidney transplantation is also not done in cases where only one kidney fails and the other kidney is still functioning. Transplantation should only be done if the renal failure is irreversible.
Dialysis replaces some degree of the filtration of waste products of the kidneys. Other functions of the kidneys are not accomplished, some of which are better addressed by transplantation. Hence, kidney transplantation, when a suitable donor is available and when no contraindications are present, offers the best treatment option for complete rehabilitation of a patient with end-stage kidney failure. As kidney transplantation saves lives and enables one to enjoy almost normal life, it is referred to as the “Gift of Life”.
Major benefits of successful KT are:
1. Living Donor Kidney Transplantation:- A living donor kidney transplant is a surgery to give you a healthy kidney from someone who is still alive. A person with two healthy kidneys can donate one kidney to a person with kidney failure.
2. Deceased Donor (Cadaveric Donor) Kidney Transplantation:- A deceased donor is someone who has consented to donating his or her organs upon death. In situations where the wishes of the deceased donor are not known, family members may consent to organ donation.
To get a deceased donor kidney, you will be placed on a waiting list once you have been cleared for a transplant. It can take many years for a good donor kidney to be offered to you. From the time you go on the list until a kidney is found, you may have to be on some form of dialysis. While you’re waiting, you’ll need regular blood tests to make sure you are ready when a kidney is found.
1. Who can donate kidneys?
Donated kidneys can come from a blood relative (like father or mother or brother or sister) or non-blood relative (like a husband or wife) of a kidney disease patient.
2. What are the advantages of Living donor transplantation?
3.What are the steps before Living donor kidney transplantation?
4.Paired kidney donation :- Paired kidney donation (or paired exchange) is an option when you have a relative who is willing and able to be a kidney donor, but he or she is not a match for you. In a paired exchange, your relative gives a kidney to someone who needs it, and that recipients’ relative or friend gives his or her kidney to you.
5. ABO blood group Incompatible kidney transplantation :- When the donor kidney has a blood type that do not match (are incompatible with) the recipient’s (the person getting the kidney). Transplant specialist use special methods to make the recipient’s body less sensitive to the donor’s unmatched (incompatible) blood.